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Leading cancer care

Breast Cancer: Uniting For Strength, Inspiring Hope Together

Breast cancer poses significant challenges, often diagnosed late. Yet, through early detection, advanced treatments, and unwavering support, we strive to improve outcomes and offer hope to those affected.

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Insights Of Breast Cancer

With extensive training, experience, and dedication to patient care offering the comprehensive services tailored to meet the unique needs of each individual.

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Breast Overview: Essential Functions

A woman can develop a wide range of breast conditions over her lifetime. These include a variety of benign (noncancerous) lumps and the normal changes that occur during the menstrual cycle. The fact that they are not cancerous unites them. Approximately 80% of breast lumps that require a biopsy turn out to be benign.

Your Breast Has Two Major Parts :
  • Additionally, there are lymphatic and blood vessels in each breast. Lymph, a colorless fluid, travels through the lymph vessels to small organs in the shape of beans called lymph nodes.
  • Lymph node clusters can be found in the chest, above the collarbone, and near the breast under the arm (in the axilla). Numerous other parts of the body also have lymph nodes.
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About Breast Cancer

Breast Cancer In today’s Indian women, breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer. Every year, more than 100,000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer, and most people are aware of at least one person who has undergone treatment for the disease.

The Reason Of The Breast Cancer Generally Happens:
  • Factors such as delaying childbirth, using oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy, consuming high-fat diets, and increased alcohol consumption are believed to potentially contribute to the rising incidence of breast cancer.
  • Despite the increasing incidence, advancements in medical and surgical interventions have led to a decrease in mortality rates associated with breast cancer.

The good news is that breast cancer is being found earlier, when the tumor is only in the breast. Two-thirds of newly diagnosed breast cancers do not appear to have spread beyond the breast at this time.

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The Risks For Developing Breast Cancer

A woman’s risk of developing breast cancer is average because she is female and gets older. She is more likely to develop breast cancer as she gets older. The majority of cases of breast cancer in women over the age of 50 occur in women over the age of 50, and the risk is particularly high in women over the age of 60.

Risk Factors For Breast Cancers Are:
  • Some risk factors for breast cancer include age, family history, genetic mutations (such as BRCA1 and BRCA2), hormonal factors , dense breast tissue, and previous radiation therapy.
  • Lifestyle factors such as obesity, lack of physical activity, alcohol consumption, and hormone replacement therapy may also increase the risk of breast cancer.

No lady ought to see herself as excessively old to require ordinary screening mammograms.

The Factors Associated With Breast Cancer Includes:

Delve into the intricate web of factors intertwined with breast cancer, encompassing genetic predispositions, hormonal intricacies, and lifestyle habits, each playing a crucial role in shaping the susceptibility to this prevalent malignancy.

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Explore Some Common Symptoms Of The Breast Cancer

Most of the time, early breast cancer does not cause pain. In point of fact, there may be no symptoms at all when breast cancer first appears.

A woman should see her doctor about any symptoms like these. Most often, they are not cancer, but it’s important to check with the doctor so that any problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

Discover The Typical Symptoms Associated With Breast Cancer

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Physical Changes in the Breast

Physical changes in the breast can include lumps or thickening, changes in size or shape, nipple discharge, or skin dimpling, which should be promptly evaluated by a healthcare provider.

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Nipple Abnormalities

Nipple abnormalities encompass a range of changes that may indicate underlying breast health concerns. These include nipple discharge, which can vary in color and consistency and may occur spontaneously or upon manipulation.

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Skin Alterations

Skin alterations can manifest as changes in color, texture, or appearance such as new moles, itching, or skin that appears scaly or crusty, often indicating the need for medical assessment.

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Treatment For Breast Cancer

Treatment for early breast cancer aims to remove the cancer and to reduce the risk of the cancer spreading or coming back. Treatment may include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy and hormone therapy.

  • The choice of treatment will depend on your test results; where the cancer is and if it has spread; your age and general health; and what you choose.
  • You may know other people with breast cancer but remember there are different types of breast cancer and the best treatment for one person may not be best for another.
  • If your cancer hasn’t spread, you will almost certainly be offered surgery.

How Is Breast Cancer Detected?

Regular Breast Self-Examination (BSE) is vital for women 20+, done monthly post-period or on a set day post-menopause. It’s free, quick, and detects smaller tumors. Any change needs immediate attention. Early detection is vital against breast cancer.

Breast examination on a clinical basis: By palpating the lump and surrounding tissue, doctors distinguish between benign and cancerous lumps based on size, texture, and mobility. Armpit examination for abnormal lymph nodes is also conducted.

Mammography : A mammogram, a low-dose X-ray of the breast, is a crucial screening tool for early breast cancer detection, enhancing treatment success and survival rates. Scheduling the mammogram when breasts are least tender, usually after the period, can reduce discomfort. Annual screening mammograms are recommended from age 50. While mammograms may not detect all types of lumps, they become more effective with age as breasts become less dense.

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Ultrasonography

Using high-frequency sound waves, ultrasonography can often show whether a lump is a fluid-filled cyst (not cancer) or a solid mass (which may or may not be cancer).This exam may be used along with mammography and is called Sonomammography. Based on these exams, the doctor may decide that no further tests are needed and no treatment is necessary. In such cases the doctor may need to check your breasts more regularly to watch for any changes.

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Fine Needle Aspiration

A thin needle is used to take some cells from the breast lump or abnormal area. Sometimes an ultrasound is used to help guide the needle. The test is a similar to having blood taken for a blood test.It is usually done in a specialist’s rooms, a hospital outpatient department or at a radiology practice.

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Core Biopsy

A wider needle is used to remove a small piece of tissue, called a core, from the lump or abnormal area. It is usually done under local anaesthetic. A mammogram or ultrasound is used to help guide the needle.

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Surgical Biopsy

If the lump is too small to be biopsied using the method above, a surgical biopsy is needed. A surgical biopsy involves the surgical removal of a sample of tissue from a suspicious area in the body for examination under a microscope to determine if it is cancerous or benign.

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Wire Localization

Sometimes mammography may detect abnormalities in the breast (micro calcifications) without any lump in the breast. This may need to be tested. To help the surgeon find the abnormal tissue, a needle and wire may be put into the breast with the help of sonography guidance just before the biopsy. The biopsy is then done in a separate operation using a general anaesthetic. The lump and a small area of normal breast tissue around the lump are removed, along with the wire. This operation is usually done as day surgery but may mean an overnight stay in hospital. If the surgical biopsy removes all the cancer, further surgery may not be needed.

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Biopsy

Your doctor will suggest a biopsy if an abnormal or unusual area of tissue is found in your breast. You may need one or more biopsies. A biopsy removes a small amount of breast tissue. There are a few ways of doing this. After a biopsy a pathologist examines the removed tissue.

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Surgery For Breast Cancer

If your cancer hasn’t spread, you will almost certainly be offered surgery to remove the colon. Unlike other cancers of gastrointestinal system, cases where in colon cancer has spread to other areas, surgery is performed and is of proven benefit. This is very unique to colon cancers treatment.

Explore The Different Required Stages Of Surgery

Step By Step Process For Operation

  • If you are found suitable for the surgery, you will be usually admitted one day prior to the proposed date of surgery. There are no dietary restrictions for a breast surgery. You will have your armpits shaved for the surgery. You will be given a consent form for your signature.
  • The form would have details of the procedure to be performed on you by your treating surgeon. In case you have any doubts you should feel free to ask them to the surgical team.
  • The form would have details of the procedure to be performed on you by your treating surgeon. In case you have any doubts you should feel free to ask them to the surgical team.
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Information On Main Operation :

  • The size and position of the tumour in the breast and lumps (nodes) at the armpit will determine the extent of breast surgery.
  • Some women want to keep their breast at all costs. Others want a mastectomy, because they want to feel the cancer has gone or they prefer not to have radiotherapy. Both treatment approaches work equally well for early breast cancer.
  • Surgery for breast cancer will involve one of the following: Breast Conserving Surgery (removal of part of the breast) orMastectomy (removal of whole breast). In most cases, breast surgery also involves removal of lymph nodes from the armpit.

1. Breast Conversation Surgery :

As the name suggests, the breast is not removed but conserved while only the abnormal lump is removed. Breast conserving surgery is offered if the cancer is small compared to the size of your breast. The surgeon removes the entire abnormal lump along with a sufficient margin of surrounding normal breast tissue (Wide local excision). This is then sent for testing immediately (Frozen section studies) to determine if all the abnormal tissue from the breast has been removed. The doctor gets the result within 10 minutes.

  • Pathologist examines removed breast tissue to assess clear margins around cancerous cells, reducing the risk of cancer recurrence.
  • If cancer cells are found at the tissue edge, additional tissue removal (re-excision) or mastectomy may be recommended.
  • Lymph nodes under the armpit on the same side as the lump are typically removed to check for cancer spread.
  • A small tube may be placed at the surgical site for drainage purposes post-surgery.
  • Seeking specialized breast cancer treatment in Mumbai ensures comprehensive care and optimal outcomes.

Radiotherapy (radiation treatment) is a must to the breast after a breast conserving surgery and is a part of Breast Conservation treatment.

2. Mastectomy :

Surgery to remove the whole breast is called mastectomy. The nipple and the surrounding dark area (areola) is also removed. The chest muscles are not removed. Some or all of the lymph nodes in the armpit closest to your affected breast may also be removed. You may be offered a mastectomy if the cancer is large compared to the size of the breast or the cancer is in more than one area of the breast.

Post-Surgery Recovery And Breast Reconstruction
  • Post-Surgery Drainage: Thin tubes inserted to facilitate drainage of fluid accumulation over the chest area following breast surgery.
  • Breast Reconstruction: Option following complete breast removal to restore breast shape using implants or tissue from another body part.
  • Timing of Reconstruction: Reconstruction may be performed simultaneously with mastectomy by some surgeons, while others prefer delayed reconstruction after several months or longer.
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Step By Step Process After Operation :

  • Post-surgery, patients are transferred to their rooms, with a typical hospital stay ranging from 3-4 days.
  • Patients are encouraged to mobilize as soon as possible post-operation, which is crucial for recovery.
  • For bedridden patients, nurses promote regular leg movements and deep breathing exercises. Physiotherapists are available to assist patients with exercises.
  • The fluid output from drainage tubes is monitored daily.

After an anaesthetic, the movement of the bowel slows down and usually takes about 72 hours to get back to normal. After about 48-72 hours you will probably be ready to start taking small sips of water, however your doctors will tell you when it is appropriate for you to start drinking some fluids. This will be gradually increased after a couple of days until you are able to eat a light diet.

You will probably be ready to go home in about 10-14 days after your operation and once your stitches have been removed. If deemed appropriate your doctor may send you home with stitches and call you later to remove the stitches. By and large you should be able to climb several flights of stairs after your discharge from the hospital and you will be given diet instructions.

Before you leave hospital you will be given an appointment for a post-operative check-up at the outpatient clinic.

After mastectomy or armpit surgery, regular exercises are crucial for recovery. Aim to regain full arm and shoulder movement, reduce stiffness and swelling, and manage pain. Begin with gentle exercises like shoulder circles and basic arm movements, gradually increasing intensity as you regain strength and confidence.

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Risk factors include age, family history, genetic mutations (like BRCA1 and BRCA2), early menstruation, late menopause, dense breast tissue, hormone replacement therapy, and lifestyle factors like alcohol consumption and obesity.

Common signs include a lump or thickening in the breast or underarm, changes in breast size or shape, nipple discharge (other than breast milk), skin changes on the breast, such as dimpling or redness, and breast pain.

Mammography is the primary screening method for detecting breast cancer, often supplemented with clinical breast examinations and breast self-examinations.

Breast cancer staging determines the extent of the cancer's spread, influencing treatment decisions. Early-stage cancers may be treated with surgery alone, while advanced stages may require chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy, or a combination, tailored to the individual's case.

If breast cancer symptoms are detected, it's important to promptly consult a healthcare provider for further evaluation, which may include imaging tests like mammography and biopsy for accurate diagnosis. Early detection improves treatment outcomes and survival rates.

Looking For Another Perspective On Breast Cancer Insights?

About doctor

Dr. Deepak Chhabra

MS. (Bom), DNB, M.R.C.S. (Edin. UK)
Fellow GI Surgical Oncology & Robotics (Seoul, Korea)
Specialist HPB Training (Nagoya Univ, Japan)

Dr. Deepak Chhabra is a consultant Surgical Oncologist with an extensive experience in cancer surgeries. He is has specialized in Hepato (Liver) -Biliary (Gallbladder) and Pancreatic Cancer Surgeries.

  • Member at the Department of Surgical Oncology at Lilavati Hospital, Mumbai
  • First clinical Co-Ordinator of the Asia-Pacific Neuroendocrine tumor registry (AP-NET registry) in India.
  • One of few specialist in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer Surgeries from Nagoya University in Japan.
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15

Years Of Experience

5000

Critical Surgeries

50

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    5 Out of 5 from 92 Reviews

    “Two years back had my father's major Liver surgery done by Doctor Deepak Chhabra, right now he is absolutely fit and fine. As a Doctor he is very well mannered calm & easily understand the condition of the patient. He use to explain comprehensively about the infection and procedure of surgery and its pros and cons. Respectful Doctor in the field of Oncosurgery/Surgical Oncology in mumbai. Recommended doctor by some of the best Cancer Doctors & Medical Oncologist in Mumbai."

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    “My mother was diagnosed of colon cancer, and I was recommended to see Dr Deepak Chhabra for consultation. The first impression of Dr Chhabra was… he is so young! But after consulting him we realized his level of experience and there was a sense of confidence he spilt over us.We knew we could trust him."

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    “I,myself preferred Lilavati & then I chose Dr.Deepak Sir. I feel so blessed to know u & have u as my doctor. Any doctor can prescribe, but only a few good ones can really impress. I can vouch for the fact that ur abilities r unmatched & U’ve gone above & beyond everything I ever would’ve expected. The world would be a much better place if all of the doctors/peoples were like u! U & the staff has been really awesome & thanks for everything."

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